Whitepaper
Since the inception of Bitcoin in 2009, blockchain technology has undergone several significant development stages. Its beginning with Bitcoin not only ushered in a new era for digital currency but also provided an unprecedented method for decentralized financial transactions. As the first large-scale application of blockchain technology, Bitcoin demonstrated the immense potential of decentralized systems. However, as the technology continued to evolve and application scenarios expanded, the limitations of Bitcoin became increasingly apparent, particularly in terms of slow transaction speeds and high transaction costs, which severely limited its application in daily transactions.
The emergence of Ethereum marked the second major leap in blockchain technology, significantly expanding the application scope of blockchain by introducing the concept of smart contracts. This innovation greatly propelled the development of decentralized applications (DApps), providing a broader stage for blockchain technology's application. Nevertheless, Ethereum faced similar challenges to Bitcoin — slow transaction speeds and high costs, which considerably limited its broader application in daily use.
The birth of Solana seems to be a direct response to the above challenges. As a high-performance blockchain platform, Solana has made significant achievements in increasing transaction processing speed and reducing transaction fees, and can theoretically meet the needs of daily transactions. However, Solana faces high centralization problems, such as high node operating costs, high concentration of token distribution, and concentration of verification nodes, making it difficult for ordinary developers to participate. Solana’s governance mechanism may also be affected by its token holding structure and nodes. The influence of the composition of operators is far from the original intention of decentralization of blockchain technology.
The Innovative Path of KONG Chain
Against this backdrop, the design and proposal of KONG Chain stand out remarkably. It not only draws from the experiences of its predecessors but is also deeply inspired by the Buddhist concept of "emptiness." In Buddhist philosophy, "emptiness" does not refer to the non-existence of the material world but emphasizes the lack of inherent essence in all phenomena, which arise interdependently. This philosophy will inspire KONG Chain's developers to commit to building an efficient transaction processing and highly decentralized blockchain system.
Technological Innovation and Hardware Development
KONG Chain aims to build a brand-new blockchain platform by leveraging the future trends in computer hardware technology. This includes:
Advancements in memory technology: Expected increases in memory capacity, bandwidth, and access speed, along with further cost reductions. Using GST467 alloy for new phase-change memory (PCM) and superlattice structures, it's possible to save data for up to 10 years or longer, even without power, significantly enhancing data storage stability and reliability.
Innovations in network technology: Advanced optical transmission technologies, such as space-division multiplexing and photonic chip technology, as well as the development of quantum communication technologies, are expected to significantly increase network bandwidth, reduce latency, and lower costs, providing faster, safer, and more affordable network environments for blockchain technology.
Enhancements in CPU performance: Increases in CPU power, core numbers, and reductions in power consumption will support more complex computational tasks, such as cryptography processing. At the same time, the potential application of quantum and photonic computing suggests the future coexistence of traditional and quantum computers.
Node Design and Consensus Mechanism
In terms of technical implementation, KONG Chain employs an innovative node design and consensus mechanism. Nodes are categorized into two types: memory-intensive and storage-intensive, to accommodate different operational and storage needs. The consensus mechanism uses a cluster (Cluster) format, with each cluster acting as a "large node" within KONG Chain, led by a randomly elected Leader responsible for scheduling and consensus. This ensures decentralization and efficient operation throughout the system.
KONG Chain is built in the form of Clusters, each containing at least five nodes selected randomly by the KONG Chain election committee. Anyone can operate one or more nodes, but no one knows which Cluster a node works in. Each Cluster's election committee consists of all nodes, giving each node the opportunity to be part of the election committee. A node will be randomly chosen as the Leader of each Cluster, responsible for the Cluster's scheduling. The KONG Chain election committee will randomly select 3-9 Clusters as the Leaders of KONG Chain, who will be responsible for the consensus of KONG Chain. All nodes participating in the consensus are first-class nodes. The second-class nodes will be responsible for data storage.
The consensus mechanism of KONG Chain is: each Cluster's Leader will be responsible for the consensus of their Cluster, and all Leaders will be responsible for the consensus of KONG Chain. Each Cluster will have mechanisms to ensure data consistency (verified and implemented), with the Leader responsible for data consistency. Memory operations will significantly enhance the entire system's performance. All transactions to KONG Chain will be distributed across different shards, allowing the system to achieve linear scaling. The maximum number of shards is 2^64, a very large number that can meet future needs.
About AI in KONG Chain
No AI technologies = All AI technologies in KONG Chain. Because someday humans will complete the evolution from carbon-based civilization to silicon-based civilization, human civilization will merge with AI, and new materials will enable new civilizations to survive in space (KONG).
Conclusion
KONG Chain not only represents a new stage in the development of blockchain technology but also signifies the innovative fusion of blockchain technology with Buddhist philosophy. By combining high performance, low costs, and a high degree of decentralization, KONG Chain aims to provide a more effective and fair platform for daily transactions. KONG Chain's design philosophy, inspired by the Buddhist wisdom of "emptiness," opens up new perspectives for technological development, indicating the great potential of blockchain technology to overcome existing limitations and move towards a more open and balanced future direction.